Much of the criminological literature testing rational choice theory has utilized
hypothetical scenarios presented to university students. Although this research generally
supports rational choice theory, a common criticism is that conclusions from these studies
may not generalize to samples of actual offenders. This study proceeds to examine this
issue in two steps. First, a traditional sample of university students is examined to determine
how various costs and benefits relate to their hypothetical likelihood of offending. Then
the same data collection procedures are employed with a somewhat different sample of
younger, adjudicated, and institutionalized offenders to determine whether the conclusions
drawn from the student sample generalize to this offender sample. Results generally suggest
that the content and process of hypothetical criminal decision making differ in the sample
of known offenders relative to the university students. Limitations of the current study, as
well as suggestions for future research, are discussed
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