Usage of Virtual Reality in Education and Training Research Assignment Research Description: Title: (A Study on the usage of virtual reality in education

Usage of Virtual Reality in Education and Training Research Assignment Research Description:

Title: (A Study on the usage of virtual reality in education and training)
Introduction:
Rationale:
Problem statement:
Research Questions:
Objectives of the study:
Literature review: – conceptual review and research review:
Variables:
Research Methodology and limitation:
Time plan:
References:

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A Study on the Challenges in Using
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Research Methods Assignment
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FOR SAMPLE
Chapter 1.0: Introduction
The idea of having an easy access to information is not recent. It started in 1937, when H.G.
Wells wrote about a world brain with multi-functions of collection, indexing, summarizing
and release of knowledge and even replaces the traditional systems (libraries). In 1945,
Vannervar Bush published an article in Atlantic Monthly about the idea of a brain that can
store, file, retrieve, and trace data. This article was a ground stone of the memex machine.
“Memex machine is a device that operates mechanically based on the technology of
microfilms”. (Bush, 1945)
During last decade, we started to hear or read many phrases like “Digital Library”, “Virtual
library” or “Electronic Library” in almost every place you go like schools, colleges, online and
even books. That could make some individual wonders. What do these phrases exactly
mean? Do all these phrases have the same meanings or each one has its own
meaning? To answer these questions we need to take a closer look and try to point out the
reasons behind this confusion.
FOR SAMPLE
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Chapter 1.2: Rationale
This research is about the challenges that might face Sultan Qaboos University’s students
while using Electronic Libraries; and possibly might as well discourage them from continuing
to access it regularly. The reason the author has chosen to conduct this study is to help in
understanding the different types of challenges that might face the SQU’s students while
using the Electronic Library.
Some of these challenges, struggling, and wasting lots of time in using and searching
through SQU electronic library looking for books, articles, and journals that is needed for a
research. As a result, the study is going to take a deeper look and try to identify some of the
challenges that might face digital library users.
This study is worth to investigate and important because it will highlight the effective and
efficient role of librarians. It will also aid in revealing computer and language skills of SQU
students and recommend some measures to improve these skills and eliminate their time
wastage while studying and searching through the internet. It will also enhance and
encourage students for self-learning. Finally, it will help students to overcome their fears of
using the web and search engines and will let students get familiar with e-books and
electronic library.
Chapter 1.3 Research Questions:
Q1: Could the students’ educational background affect the usage of digital libraries?
Q2: Does types of education (in Private and Public Schools) affect digital libraries usage
skills?
Q3: What types of challenges and problems face SQU students when using digital libraries?
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Chapter 1.4: Objectives of the study
1. To study the effect of educational background as a possible challenge of using electronic
library.
a. To find out if course variation could affect the use of e-library.
b. To measure the effect of resistance to change could minimize e-library access.
c. To estimate if financial costs may decrease e-library usage.
d. To establish the relationship between medical or health problems with that of access
to e-library.
e. To evaluate to what extent E-library’s interface could de-motivate students from using
it.
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Chapter 2.0: Literature Review
Background:
There is no doubt that technology in general made big leaps of advancement in the last few
decades especially communication technologies. These leaps minimized the usage of
traditional libraries, at the same time it maximizes usage of digital libraries. This could be
proved by taking a deeper look in the history of digital libraries.
History of Digital Library:
The quest for fast and easy access to different type of information started in 1937, when
H.G. Wells wrote an article titled “World Brain: The Idea of a Permanent World
Encyclopaedia”. It is considered to be the origin of today’s digital libraries. In this article,
Wells wrote about a world brain with multi-functions of collection, indexing, summarizing
and release of knowledge and even replaces the traditional systems (libraries). Then in
1945, Vannervar Bush published an article in Atlantic Monthly titled “As We May Think”
about the idea of a brain that can store, file, retrieve, and trace data. This article was a
ground stone of the memex machine. In 1965, J.C.R. Licklider wrote a book titled “Libraries
of the Future” in which he gave a description of the needed development to build a digital
library.
In 1994, “Digital Library” term used for the first time in United States when three American
organizations; National Science Foundation (NSF), Department of Defense Advance
Research Project Agency and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
formed a joint initiative funding of six American Universities for digital library researches.
This funding was based on two revolutionary technologies development. These two
technologies were the increasing growth of World Wide Web “Internet” and high speed
networks, along with significant improvement of graphical Web browsers (Ojha & Aryal,
2010).
Definition of Digital Library:
Digital library has many different meanings which may differ from group to another for
example Digital library for computer scientists and software developers means a collection
of computer algorithm. For Databases vendors it means a database. However for publishers
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it means an on-line version of a catalogue. Other users with different occupations and
interests call it the Web.
Digital library has many different definitions. One of this definitions is: “Digital libraries are
organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure,
offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the
persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically
available for use by a defined community or set of communities” (Digital Library Federation
[DFL], 1998).
Another definition is: “A digital library is nothing but a large database for the people who are
working on hypertext environment, which supports the full life cycle of creation, storage,
preservation, dissemination and use of data, information and knowledge: (LISWiki, 2009)
From these definitions, Digital Library could be defined as: “any place where resources is
created, organized, stored and maintained in a digital form where users can obtain them
from anywhere at given time”.
Review of Related Literature:
The literature of many studies showed that all libraries are providing electronic resources
and online database to their users. However, majority of users have faced difficulties in
using them. As the literature showed that multiple authors have discussed in early studies
the most popular and preferable types of electronic resources used by users.
Many studies showed that majority of users are aware of e-resources available in the
libraries they are using such as: e-books, e-journals, internet, CD-ROMs database,… etc.
Most of the studies have reported high levels of usage of libraries as internet café, in addition
to using most popular search engines among users which was Google, Yahoo, Infoseek.
Several studies aimed to investigate the main problems and obstacles that face users
while using digital libraries or accessing electronic resources. Some of these findings
showed that:
6
•
Ukonu, Wogu, & Obayi (2012); Rosenberg (2006); and Haridasan & Khan (2009)
concluded that slow networks in internet access while searching or accessing online
database was one of the major problems that faced e-resources’ users.
•
However, Ukonu, Wogu, & Obayi (2012); and Dadzie (2005) found out that users
experience inability to access online e-resources due to no subscription to online
database.
•
On the other hand, Ali (2005) has contributed problems that face users to the lack of
printing facilities as well as the lack of trained staff.
•
Ukonu, Wogu, & Obayi (2012); Rosenberg (2006); Ali (2005); Dadzie (2005); and
Ray & Day (1998) found out that many computers were not functional or limited
number of ready to use computers.
•
Egberongbe (2011) has deduced that lack of sufficient financial support for hardware
and software are one of the reasons leading to users’ reluctance of using electronic
resources.
•
Egberongbe (2011); Kumar (2010); Ali (2005); Dadzie (2005); and Ray & Day (1998)
concluded that lack of information and unfamiliarity about effective use of eresources were some of the problems and challenges that face users when using eresources.
•
Dadzie (2005); and Ray & Day (1998) stated that lack of time to gain skills required
to use e-resources was a reason.
On the other hand the author has found that several studies aimed to find out the different
types of electronic resources that are most popular and widely used by users in digital
libraries, and findings showed that:
•
Ali (2005); and Dadzie (2005) found out that Gateways were not popular or frequently
used among users when accessing or searching e-resources.
•
Ali (2005); Dadzie (2005); and Vicente, Crowford, & Clink (2004) concluded in their
studies that using traditional internet search engines was popular among users, such
as: Google, Yahoo, Infoseek.
•
Ali (2005); and Haridasan & Khan (2009) stated that Boolean Operators, wild cards,
and truncation are the most popular search services used by users of digital libraries.
•
Dadzie (2005); and Majid & Tan (2002) found out that usage of scholarly database
was not popular among users and was rarely used.
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•
Ray & Day (1998); and Vicente, Crowford, & Clink (2004) found out that internet
usage is the most popular search technique among users when using e-resources
due to their familiarity and practicing the internet individually prior to entering
universities or colleges.
•
Ray & Day (1998); and Majid & Tan (2002) deduced in their studies that majority of
students relied on printed materials rather than trying to use e-resources.
Kumar (2010); Ray & Day (1998); and Majid & Tan (2002) case studies aimed to identify
and determine the most preferred ways from which users gain their skills necessary for
using e-resources, and result showed that:
•
Kumar (2010); and Ray & Day (1998) stated that majority of digital libraries users
have gained and acquired their skills in using e-resources were by trial and error.
•
However, Kumar (2010); Ray & Day (1998); and Majid & Tan (2002) attributed users’
skills were gained from asking for advice and guidance from other students,
colleagues or friends.
•
On the other hand Majid & Tan (2002) found out that users gained their skills through
using internet, books, and sometimes through asking advices and guidance from
their lecturers.
The author will examine the following points as independent variables that may contribute
in problems and challenges that face students when using and accessing digital libraries
and electronic resources, these points can be summarized as follows:
1. Difficulties encountered by students when using digital library are due to educational
background. In other words, students are not electronically well-educated in high
schools or pre-university education. Even in college students should be given
foundation program courses and exams in using electronic resources and digital
libraries from the moment they enter the university.
2. Library staff is not well-trained to offer support and help to users whether they are
students or academics. The author recommends that library staff should be given
extensive courses and training programs to teach them the most effective and efficient
way to deal with and to deliver exact responses to any questions asked by students or
academic.
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Based on these two important facts the author is going to build up his research proposal on
the main factors and reasons that leads SQU students to face troubles, problems, and
challenges when using digital libraries. So, a conceptual framework is developed
incorporating the following variables.
Chapter 2.1 Variables:
The researcher has identified multiple variables that directly affect the study. Table (1) has
shown the various variables have been classified:
Table (1)
Dependent Variable
Independent Variables
Educational background
Course variation
Resistance to changes
Using E-Library
Financial costs
Medical & Health problems
E-library’s interface
Chapter 2.3 Conceptual Framework:
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Educational
Background
Financial
Costs
Medical &
Health
Problems
Course
Variation
Resistance
to Change
Using ELibrary
E-library’s
Interface
4.0 References:
–
Ali, N., (2005) The use of electronic resources at IIT Delhi Library: a study of search
behaviors, [online] The Electronic Library, Vol. 23, (Issue 6), pp. 691-700. Available at:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1529806&show=abstract.
–
Brown, M. E., History and definition of digital libraries, [online] (Last Modified July 7,
2005), Southern Connecticut University: Department of Information and Library
Science. Available at: http://www.southernct.edu/~brownm/dl_history.html.
–
Bush, V., (1945) As We May Think, ATLANTIC MAGAZINE, July 1945. Available at:
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/.
–
Cleveland, G., (1998) Digital Libraries: Definitions, Issues and Challenges, [online]
UDT Occasional paper #8. Available at:
http://archive.ifla.org/VI/5/op/udtop8/udtop8.htm.
–
Dadzie, P.S., (2005) Electronic resources: access and usage at Ashesi University
College, [online] Campus-Wide Information Systems. Vol. 22, (Issue 5), pp. 290-297.
Available at:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1529771&show=abstract.
–
Egberongbe, H. S., (2011) The Use and Impact of Electronic Resources at the
University of Lagos, [online] Library Philosophy and Practice 2011. Available at:
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/egberongbe.htm.
10
–
Haridasan, S. & Khan, M (2009) Impact and use of e-resources by social scientists in
National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC), India, [online] The
Electronic Library. Vol. 27, (Issue 1), pp. 117–133. Available at:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1771205&show=abstract.
–
Kumar, B.T. & Kumar, G.T., (2010) Perception and Usage of E-resources and the
Internet by Indian Academics, [online] The Electronic Library. Vol. 28, (Issue 1), pp.
137-156. Available at:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1839514&show=abstract.
–
Majid, S. & Tan, A.T., (2002) Usage of information resources by computer engineering
students: a case study of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, [online]
Online Information Review. Vol. 26, (Issue 5), pp. 318–325. Available at:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=862194&show=abstract.
–
Ojha, R. C. & Aryal, S., Digital libraries: Challenges and Opportunities, [online]
INFOLIB, Vol. 3, No. 3. Available at:
http://www.infolib.edu.np/index.php/IJ/article/viewFile/5/5
–
Ray, K. & Day, J., (1998) Student Attitudes Towards Electronic Information Resources,
[online] Information Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, October 1998. Available at:
http://informationr.net/ir/4-2/paper54.
–
Rosenberg, D., (2006) Towards the Digital Library: findings of an investigation to
establish the current status of university libraries in Africa, [online] International
Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP), Oxford. Available at:
http://www.inasp.info/uploaded/documents/digital-libr-final-format-web.pdf.
–
Ukonu, M. & Wogu, J. & Obayi, P., (2012) Problems and Challenges Facing the
University of Nigeria Undergraduate Students in the Use of the UNN Digital Library,
[online] IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (JHSS). Volume 3, (Issue 2)
(Sep-Oct. 2012), pp. 4-12. Available at: http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol3issue2/B0320412.pdf.
–
Vicente, A. & Crowford, J. & Clink, S., (2004) Use and awareness of electronic
information services by academic staff at Glasgow Caledonian University, [online]
Library Review. Vol. 53, (Issue 8), pp. 401–407. Available at:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1502744&show=abstract.
–
Wells, H. G., (1937) World Brain: The Idea of a Permanent World Encyclopedia,
[online] The New Encyclopédie Française, August 1937. Available at:
https://sherlock.ischool.berkeley.edu/wells/world_brain.html.
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A Study on the Impact of Job Stress on Staff
Productivity at *********** SAOG
3.0 Research Methodology
Research Design
Examining job productivity due to the presence of factors that are causing stress at Mazoon Elec
is an indicator that this research will be specific to Mazoon Elec which means that adopting a
descriptive design is valid. Moreover, questions that are concerned about the productivity levels
or otherwise job stress are straightforward and to the point so the point so deeper interpretation
would not be required, which will make it convenient to use a quantitative design framework which
can be validated because quantitative design maximizes objectivity and can be retested.
Sampling Design
Job stress is a universal phenomenon and at Mazoon Elec will apply to all levels of staff whether
they are in the management roles or whether they are in job roles. Accordingly, with over 438
people working at Mazoon Elec, the sampling would be to use probability sampling since all 438
people or employees are able to be measured and are finite.
At Mazoon Elec, the participants for the research will be obtained by the approach of random
sampling where all 438 people or participants have equal probability of being a part of the research.
Random sampling is well known in the research field to be the most scientific and strong way to
get the research sample.
Out of 438 employees at Mazoon Elec, a sampling of over 25% or 120 employees will be sufficient
to get a broad sense of understanding about how job stress is moderating the job roles.
Data Design
•
Primary Data: considering the sample characteristics of 120 employees, the most easiest and
quickest way to proceed to gather data specific to productivity as well as that of job stress at
Mazoon Elec would be to use a research questionnaire. This tool allows freedom for
participants to easily fill in the data by simple tick marking and it does not take time effort and
also it is non-invasive as questions are answered in private.
Page | 2
•
Secondary Data: the conditions of job stress is related to many disciplines and it has been
examined in many research articles/journals of contemporary time period. The online MAjan
repository will be accessed and majority of new recent articles on job stress will be picked out
for application.
Questionnaire Design
In literature, job stress has always been evaluated using a simple questionnaire with questions
concerning the factors of job stress and its impacts. At the same time, Likert scales found to be
used within stress related literature or research studies because the selection is under Likert scales
are able to show the different skills or the rates at which the workers may agree or disagree with
the output or condition…
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