Maladaptive response to immune disorders Homework Help

Maladaptive response to immune disorders

Different disorders are characterized by varying pathophysiology forms. In order to visualize this variance, one can evaluate the maladaptive responses. Since pathophysiological responses influence the health state of an individual, it is necessary to understand maladaptive responses hence creating a platform where quality health care can be enhanced. The two chosen immune disorders for this paper are Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and HIV.
Systematic lupus has a complex pathohysiological mechanism. In considering the pathophysiological mechanism of this disorder, the first attributed is tied to the antibodies and the manner in which they are produced for systemic lupus (Hammer and McPhee, 2009). It is caused by differing environmental imbalances. The foreign stimulus initiates immune reaction which subsequently deactivates antibodies. Due to this chain of reactions the body of the individual gains hypersensitivity. Another crucial feature about the maladaptive response with regard to systematic lupus is the anomalies in apoptosis. Because of this attribute, T-cell generation increases and the immune system weaken. Since expulsion of dying cells becomes derailed, phagocytic functions get undermined.
HIV’s greatest effect is suppressing the individual’s immune system. At first the T-helper gets weakened by the virus. This negatively influences the body’s capacity to generate antibodies. With HIV continuously multiplying in the body, neuropathy and aseptic meningitis occur. Due to these complications dementia complex ensues in the body system of the individual. The situation is further aggravated by fewer CD4 cell count (Hammer and McPhee, 2009). Eventually, the patient gets prone to a wide range of infections.
The difference in pathophysiological as well as maladaptive mechanisms in the immune disorders discussed is evident. While HIV weakens the patient’s whole immune system, systemic lupus weakens the immune system in components (Hammer and McPhee, 2009). Another difference is that systemic lupus as opposed to HIV does not necessarily result in occurrence of other infections. The other maladaptive difference is that systemic lupus can influence the generation of antibodies while HIV doesn’t. The fourth difference is hypersensitivity which will occur in system lupus and not in HIV.
Genetics significantly influence disease progression in the body system of people. This feature has great influence in the rate of derailment of infection a person’s in immune system. For maladaptive mechanisms in HIV genetics of an individual may either increase the rate of the virus in curtailing the immune system’s effectiveness or derail it.

References
Hammer, G. D. and McPhee, S.S. J. (2009). Pathophysiology of Disease An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, Sixth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.