HUMN330 Embry Riddle Aeronautical US briefing Iran strikes canceled Discussion Before taht i want to make sure I need two discusion. Each for 200 words. I

HUMN330 Embry Riddle Aeronautical US briefing Iran strikes canceled Discussion Before taht i want to make sure I need two discusion. Each for 200 words.

In each module, the textbook readings provide an opportunity to make connections between theoretical concepts of ethics and real world events in the news. When individuals encounter current moral dilemmas, inevitably each will approach the issues with their own perceptions and biases. Understanding how individual views fit in with various world views provides an opportunity for each of us to understand ourselves better. In these activities, you will use critical thinking skills to expand your knowledge regarding current moral and ethical issues in the world.

Each activity is a current news research activity focusing on understanding values, morals, and ethics. We will use the discussion forum as our platform; however, Current Events activities do not follow the discussion activity guidelines. The Current Events activity occurs in Modules 1 – 9. You are required to contribute to at least four of the nine modules. Although you are only required to contribute a post in four of the modules, do not procrastinate. You may not post the same contribution as another student, so it is best to start looking for material early in the module.

Where applicable, properly document your citations and references (according to the current APA standard) and ensure your submission is plagiarism-free. Review the evaluation rubric for information about grading details.

Current Events Guidelines and Instructions
Read-it-Up

Using one of the news websites from the provided list, search for a current news story that demonstrates a moral or ethical dilemma. Your current news selection must be within the last 90 days. Examine the news story. Be sure to reflect and consider all aspects and viewpoints the author provides.

Sum-it-Up / Relate-it-Up

In your initial post, state the title of the news story and include the link so that others can access the story. Briefly summarize the story and explain the moral or ethical issue/dilemma and how it relates to an ethical theory, principle, and concept or code in the course text. Your response must be at least 200 words and show a clear connection between the news story/event and the course material. Chapter Seven
Natural Law and Human Rights
Natural Law Theory
Natural Law Theory: there are moral
laws found in nature and discernable by
the use of reason.
? Moral Laws: prescriptive laws, how we
ought to behave
? Consider certain aspects of our nature to
know what we ought to do.
?
Historical Origins
Greek Stoics: we have a duty to obey the
basic laws of nature.
? Cicero: natural law transcends any time
or place.
? Aquinas: natural law is part of the divine
plan for the universe.
? Grotius: founder of international law
?
Evaluating Natural Law Theory
Criticism: difficult to read nature
? Criticism: endorses social Darwinism
? Criticism: just because something exists in
a certain way does not mean that it is
good.
? Criticism: no truths are self-evident.
?
Natural Rights
John Locke: Theory of Natural Rights –
certain things are essential to people (life,
liberty, pursuit of happiness)
? These are moral rights that must be
ensured by institutions.
? Today, various international codes of
human rights contain elements of a
natural rights tradition.
?
Evaluating Natural Rights Theory
Bentham: there are no rights outside of
the legal and political system.
? Problem: not everyone agrees on what
human nature requires or which natural
rights are central.
? Problem: consideration of human beings
who are not “natural” or “normal,” (i.e.
cognitively disabled) and nonhuman
animals.
?
Is There a Human Nature?
Natural law and human rights: rest upon an
objective account of human nature; believe that
human nature is not created by us or
constructed by society
? Sartre: there is no essential human nature; we
create our own natures.
? Rorty: there is nothing to people other than
what has been socialized into them.
? Fundamental question: is there is an enduring
and identifiable human nature?
?
Chapter Seventeen
Animal Ethics
Current Issues
?
?
?
Moral vegetarianism
? Raising and killing animals for food
? Factory farms
Animal experimentation
? Is it necessary?
? Extent of pain
? Views of opposition, limited use, free use
Endangered species
? Biodiversity
? Do animals have moral standing, intrinsic value rights?
Approaches to Animal Ethics
Different ways in which we value animals
? Anthropocentricism
? Nonanthropocentric views
?
Sentience, Equal Consideration, and Animal
Welfare
Animals’ capacity to feel and sense
? Different reasons to avoid cruelty to
animals
? Nonproductive pain
? Singer: speciesism
?
Animal Rights
Legitimate claim not to cause pain to
animals?
? Moral agent vs. moral patient
? Animals’ interests
? Animals as lesser form of being
?
Chapter Eight
Virtue Ethics
Chapter 8: Virtue Ethics
?
Virtues and Everyday Life
? Virtues push us to be what we ought to be
rather than what we ought to do.
?
What is Virtue?
? The virtuous life focuses on character
? According to Aristotle: intellectual virtues
and moral virtues
Virtues and Everyday Life
Virtues push us to be what we ought
to be rather than what we ought to do.
? Virtues allow us to express our highest
potential.
? Virtue ethics: concerned with those
traits of character, habits, tendencies,
and dispositions that make a person
good
?
Aristotle
Aristotle’s theory of ethics and morality:
also stressed the notion of virtue (i.e.
excellence)
? Two types of virtue:
?
? Intellectual virtue: excellences of the mind
? Moral virtues: dispose us to act well
Virtue as a Mean
Golden Mean: Aristotle – virtue is a mean
(average) between extremes.
? Cardinal virtues – four basic virtues:
?
?
?
?
?
Prudence/wisdom
Justice
Temperance
Courage
Nature, Human Nature, and the Human
Good
Aristotle’s teleological view: there is an
inherent order in nature.
? Eudaimonia: ultimate good of humans is
happiness, blessedness, or prosperity.
? Aristotle: to function well as humans,
must use knowledge and wisdom
?
Cross-Cultural and Contemporary
Virtue Ethics
Confucius: Chinese tradition of virtue;
there are specific virtues for each role.
? Hinduism: five basic moral virtues
? Buddhism and Christianity: moral virtues
? Contemporary philosophy: virtue is
corrective, helps us perform personally
difficult tasks.
?
Evaluating Virtue Ethics
?
?
?
?
?
Question: are there any universally
valuable traits?
Foot’s dilemma: how are virtues
demonstrated?
Is virtue ethics really a distinct type of
ethics?
Kant: there is no Golden Mean; some
things are praiseworthy and others are
wrong.
What do virtue ethics say about those
who do not reach the ideal?
Chapter Eighteen
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Definitions
Biotechnology: the manipulation of biological
systems and organisms through technological
means
? Bioengineering: the use of biological science to
design machines and alter biological systems
? Therapy: intervention that helps restore normal
function to an organism that is suffering from an
impairment due to disease or injury
? Enhancement: result of a technology that
provides more than normal function
?
Current Issues
?
Athletic and cognitive enhancement
? Steroids
? Ritalin and Adderall
?
Stem cell research
? Regenerative medicine
?
Cloning
? Therapeutic cloning
? Reproductive cloning
Current Issues (cont.)
?
Genetic Engineering and Genetic
Screening
? Eugenics: science of finding ways to improve
the genetic components of a species
? Moral or immoral?
? Human genome project
?
Genetically Modified Plants and Animals
? Ethical issues
Legal and Ethical Issues
“Playing God”
? Athletic and cognitive advancement
?
? Conflict between liberty and negative
consequences
? Stem cell research
? Moral status of the human embryo
? Chimeras
Legal and Ethical Issues (cont.)
?
Cloning
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Problem of creating creatures
Goes against human nature
People as unique individuals
Right to an open future
Exploitation
Confusion within families
Gut reaction (“yuck” factor)
Legal and Ethical Issues (cont.)
?
Genetic Engineering and Genetic
Screening
? The value of privacy
? Screening and conflicting interests
? Genetically
Modified Organisms
Cost-benefit analysis
Human intervention in nature

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