Effects of Copper in Urchins Homework Help

Abstract

This work is aimed at investigating the toxicity of copper on sea urchin. The sperm-toxicity of copper was found to have higher sensitivity than embryo-toxicity according to EC50, this was (0.018 mg/L) for the former compared to (0.046 mg/L) for the later. The distortions on the descendants were mainly PI type in the two cases. This could have been brought about by the competition that arises as copper fixes its positive ions (Ca²⁺). The paper examines the procedures of used to obtain lab data of the acute effects implicated on echinoid embryos larvae or the sea urchins after a period of two to four days. Several methods that have been used in the past to determine this are discussed which are applicable to most elements and chemicals (Rolf et al 2344).

The test

Resulting from a ban by the International Maritime Organization on the use of Trybutyltin Anti-vegetative Paints or (TBT Paints), the manufactures of nautical paints had to come up with paints that are equally effective but without TBT as one of their components so as to reduce the environmental degradation. It was then that the paint manufacturers came up with paints that had copper due to its broad spectrum action. To aIDress the problem caused by natural fouling copper which is very efficient in tackling hard fouling is used in the paints. Copper is also a useful in a number of processes within the cell, these include fundamental detoxification, metabolism of iron and phosphorylation through oxidation (Rolf et al 2344).

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