Chapter 4

55. Balance the following chemical equations.

a.

b.

c.

d.

59. Predict whether each of the following substances is soluble or insoluble in water.

a. copper(II) hydroxide (used as a pigment)

b. (used to make photographic compounds)

c. silver carbonate (used as a laboratory reagent)

d. (used as a stabilizing agent in plastics)

Chapter 5

40. Describe how the weak monoprotic acid hydrofluoric acid, HF (used in

aluminum processing) acts when it is added to water, including a description of

the nature of the particles in solution before and after the reaction with water.

If there is a reversible reaction with water, describe the forward and the reverse

reactions.

56. Classify each of the following formulas as either (1) a binary ionic compound,

(2) an ionic compound with polyatomic ion(s), (3) a binary covalent compound,

(4) a binary acid, or (5) an oxyacid. Write the name that corresponds to each

formula.

a. e. HI(aq)

b. f.

c. g.

d.

59. Classify each of the substances as a weak acid, strong acid, weak base, or strong

base in the Arrhenius acid‑base sense.

a. e.

b. ammonia f. nitrous acid

c. LiOH g.

d. phosphorous acid

73. Write the complete equation for the neutralization reactions that take place when

the following water solutions are mixed. (If an acid has more than one acidic

hydrogen, assume that there is enough base to remove all of them. Assume that

there is enough acid to neutralize all of the basic hydroxide ions.)

a. LiOH(aq) +

b.

c.

90. One of the substances that give wet goats and dirty gym socks their characteristic

odors is hexanoic acid, , which is a monoprotic

weak acid. Write the formula for the conjugate base of this acid. Write the

equation for the reaction between this acid and water, and indicate the BrønstedLowry acid and base for the forward reaction. (The acidic hydrogen atom is on

the right side of the formula.)

Chapter 6

33. Are the electrons in the following redox reactions transferred completely from

the atoms of one element to the atoms of another or are they only partially

transferred?

a. Ca(s) +

b. 4Cu(s) +

35. Iodine, , has many uses, including the production of dyes, antiseptics,

photographic film, pharmaceuticals, and medicinal soaps. It forms when chlorine,

, reacts with iodide ions in a sodium iodide solution. Which of the following

half-reactions for this oxidation‑reduction reaction describes the oxidation, and

which one describes the reduction?

56. Classify each of these reactions with respect to the following categories:

combination reaction, decomposition reaction, combustion reaction, and

single‑displacement reaction.

a.

b.

c.

d. 2C(s) + Mn Mn(s) + 2CO(g)

e. 2

64. The following equation summarizes the chemical changes that take place in a

nickel‑cadmium battery. Determine the oxidation number for each atom in the

equation, and identify what is oxidized, what is reduced, the oxidizing agent, and

the reducing agent.

Cd(s) + 2NiO(OH)(s) + →