Introduction
Water desalination is a process through which ions that make water saline are removed through various means and technologies chief among them reversed osmosis (RO). This is a process that is carried in sea or ocean water which has the highest salinity in the world over. This is an option that is necessitated by shortages in water that can be used for domestic purposes and industrial purposes. This is not a new concept but rather is a technology that has been in use since the 18th century in the Key West which has had desalination units since then. Currently, this technology is the method of choice for gulf nations that are found within dessert terrains that rarely produce any fresh water supplies for consumption. Recent reports show a major water crisis looming in the horizon. These reports forecast that in the next five years, at least 36 states are staring at water shortage. This is supported by the shrinking water levels of major dams across the states and the shrinking of the Great lakes. Fresh water sources can no longer stand up or match up with the demand of the ever soaring population of the US. The effects of this process is usually felt in marine ecosystems where there is a problem in reducing the levels of salinity and also the brine discharge system that is going to cause a lot of imbalance in the marine ecology (Tonner 11).
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