NURS 6050 Walden University Health Comparison for Social Change Paper If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will oc

NURS 6050 Walden University Health Comparison for Social Change Paper If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.

Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

To Prepare:

Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

TEMPLATE ATTACHED

EXAMPLE OF ASSIGNMENT ALSO ATTACHED.

AT LEAST 3-4 SOURCES.

INTRO AND CONCLUSION TO ASSIGNMENT INCLUDED AS WELL.

SOURCES (below and attached):

https://www.who.int/about/vision/global_health_agenda/en/ Global Health Comparison
Grid Template
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix
Introduction
Currently, the world health organization (WHO) released various threats to global health. Therefore, I selected HIV& AIDS
among the published challenges for this assignment. Besides, I will compare the features of this global health issue between the United
States and Nigeria. I will also make a reflection of how this global health is approached in these two countries as displayed in the
matrix below;
Global Healthcare
Issue
HIV & AIDS
Description
HIV & AIDS has been deduced to be the topmost global health issue. However, there are various strategies
which are applied by different countries across the world in managing this challenge. For instance, United
States apply different techniques as compared to Nigeria in curbing the spread of this epidemic. Therefore, this
matrix will mainly focus on analyzing the approach used by both the United States and Nigeria in managing
HIV & AIDS.
Country
United States
Nigeria
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
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Describe the policy
in each country
related to the
identified healthcare
issue
What are the
strengths of this
policy?
What are the
weaknesses of this
policy?
Explain how the
social determinants
United States acquired a policy which is related to
HIV and Aids back in 2001. This was through the
United States general assembly special session. This
policy is mainly responsible in committing the
government to boost their responses to the domestic
AIDS epidemics as well as setting up of various
finance and programs which could help in
controlling this challenge (Kilmarx & Simbi, 2016).
HIV and Aids policy in the United States entails the
open society public health among others.
The key strengths of this policy are that it stipulates
the national government of the United States to
conduct periodic reviews to assess the progress of the
programs which are managing this health issue in the
country (Kilmarx & Simbi, 2016).
Nigeria acquired its policy which is related to HIV and
Aids back in late 2007. The policy mainly entailed
facilitating the use of condoms, being faithful as well
as abstaining from sex (Kharsany & Karim, 2016).
However, despite this policy being promoted by the
national government of Nigeria, it has not been
effective as compared to the policy which is used in
the United States. There has been an increase in the
number of HIV and AIDS affection. Example of these
policies includes; NPP among others.
This policy introduced the combination of both the
approach of prevention which is locally known as
minimum prevention package intervention in Nigeria
which has a responsibility standardizing the HIV and
AIDS prevention in Nigeria (Cooper, Kirton, Lisk, &
Besada, 2016).
Despite the existence of several strengths of this
Just like the weaknesses of HIV and AIDS policy in
policy, it also has some weaknesses which include; it the United States, the policy in Nigeria has also failed
does not include quantitative estimation of the size of to estimate the quantitative size of the population who
the population and unmet some of the services in the are living this challenge, and they have also failed to
country among others (Jay et al, 2016).
indicate the required resources correctly to manage
this challenge (Okeke, 2016).
In the United States, the Social determinant of health
will involve the social interaction of various features
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
Just like in the United States, the social determinants
of health in Nigeria is likely to impact HIV and AIDs
2
of health may
impact the specified
global health issue.
(Be specific and
provide examples)
which are likely to cause HIV and AIDS which
includes; the federal status of poverty, the level of
education as well as the employment status (Kilmarx
& Simbi, 2016). These features will be very
significant in terms of recognizing and determining
the health status of individuals.
How has each
country’
government
addressed cost,
quality, and access
to the selected
global health issue?
The government of the United States has played a
significant role in dealing with HIV and AIDS. Its
cost has significantly been reduced, quality of the
treatment has been boosted, and access to various
health care is more uncomplicated (Kilmarx &
Simbi, 2016). The Government has built various
personal health cares to deal with individuals who
are living with HIV and AIDS.
How has the
identified health
policy impacted the
health of the global
population? (Be
specific and provide
examples)
This policy has impacted the lives of the global
population positively. This policy in the United
States has engaged the open free society heath watch
which has also helped in monitoring and doing other
projects in other countries like Ukraine Vietnam
among others (Kilmarx & Simbi, 2016). Besides, the
policy has aided various global health education
programs which are aimed at the prevention of HIV
and AIDS.
This policy has influenced the role of nurses
positively in the United States. Nurses have been
Describe the
potential impact of
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
positively. This is because it will mainly involve
interaction with various features that could results to
HIV and AIDS in the country and coming up with
appropriate prevention measures; some of these
features may include; the House income of individuals
and poverty status in the nation among others (Okeke,
2016).
The government of Nigeria has also made enough
effort in dealing with HIV and AIDS (Cooper et al.,
2016). However, the country has lacked enough
resources to complete all its set objectives. The cost
has been reduced, but quality and access are not up to
their expectations. Besides, the government of Nigeria
has lacked enough resources in building enough health
care meant for managing this health challenge.
The health policy in Nigeria which is also known as
NPP has also played a very significant role in
impacting the health in the global population. The
program has sought various partnerships with other
countries like the United Kingdom and Kenya in
sharing some of the best techniques of managing HIV
and AIDS epidemics (Bello et al, 2019).
Similarly, the policy of NPP has also influenced the
roles of nurses in Nigeria. Nurses in Nigeria have also
3
the identified health
policy on the role of
the nurse in each
country.
Explain how global
health issues impact
local healthcare
organizations and
policies in both
countries. (Be
specific and provide
examples)
General
Notes/Comments
assigned new tasks to deal with this health challenge
in the United States (Kilbourne et al, 2018). They
have trained professionals to fit in their new
positions.
The global health issues affect local health
organizations as well as strategies in the United
States (Kilmarx & Simbi, 2016). These health issues
keep the systems and the local healthcare
organizations on toes for integration. Therefore,
policies and organizations regularly make changes to
adjust to the demands of health issues.
acquired new skills that help in dealing with
individuals with this health challenge (Bello et al,
2019). This skills have the state of medical care in
Nigeria.
Similarly, in Nigeria organizations and policies are
also responsible for analyzing the new demands for
health care challenges and making necessary
adjustments (Bello et al, 2019).
The United States has tried its best in dealing with
this health care challenge. They have adopted a
policy which has played a very crucial role in
preventing HIV and Aids epidemic.
Just like in the United States, Nigeria has also made an
effort in curbing the spread of HIV and AIDS through
the NPP policy. However, the country does not have
enough resources as compared to the United States.
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
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Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
There are various ways in which I can incorporate the global perspective in my
role as a nurse leader. With the increase in the globalization, there are multiple trends
which exists in the modern world which are forcing our communities to become closer
and more diverse (Kilbourne et al, 2018). Therefore, I would first take the initiative of
understanding and responding to the changing world. Ideally, the transformation of
nursing needs very active participation alongside robust leadership participation in
research, education as well as other policy arenas. This is what I am likely to commit to
incorporate my role as a nurse leader.
My active in the incorporation of the global perspectives is likely my local
practice and my role as a nurse leader. This is because the establishment of the
comprehensive view will involve interaction with various people along with new ideas
(Cooper et al., 2016). Therefore, I am likely to acquired new skills and knowledge which
will enable me to boost my leadership skills as well as allowing me to improve my local
practices. Besides, global perspectives typically entail the public understanding of health
and development. Therefore, I will acquire new decision processes that are likely to
shape local health care.
More so, the incorporation of global perspectives in my local practices might
represent and contributes to social changes significantly. I will introduce new social ways
to handling individuals with different health challenges in the community; the society is
likely to benefit from other developed countries in terms borrowing new medical
assistance, financial support as well as further education programs that would help the
local community hugely (Kilbourne et al, 2018).
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
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References
Bello, T. K., Gericke, G. J., & MacIntyre, U. E. (2019). Development, Implementation,
and Process Evaluation of a Theory-Based Nutrition Education Programme for Adults
Living With HIV in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Frontiers in Public Health, 7.
Cooper, A. F., Kirton, J. J., Lisk, F., & Besada, H. (2016). Africa’s health challenges:
sovereignty, mobility of people and healthcare governance. London: Routledge.
Jay, J., Buse, K., Hart, M., Wilson, D., Marten, R., Kellerman, S., & Dybul, M. (2016).
Building from the HIV response toward universal health coverage. Plos Medicine,
13(8), e1002083.
Kharsany, A. B., & Karim, Q. A. (2016). HIV infection and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa:
current status, challenges, and opportunities. The open AIDS journal, (6)10, 34.
Kilbourne, A. M., Beck, K., Spaeth?Rublee, B., Ramanuj, P., O’Brien, R. W., Tomoyasu,
N., & Pincus, H. A. (2018). Measuring and improving the quality of mental health
care: a global perspective. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 30-38.
Kilmarx, P. H., & Simbi, R. (2016). Progress and challenges in scaling up laboratory
monitoring of HIV treatment. Plos Medicine, 13(8), e1002089.
Okeke, B. O. (2016). Social support seeking and self-efficacy-building strategies in
enhancing the emotional well-being of informal HIV/AIDS caregivers in Ibadan, Oyo
state, Nigeria. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 13(1), 35-40.
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
6
Global Health Comparison
Grid Template
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative
Statement
Global
Healthcare
Issue
Description
Country
United States
Describe the
policy in each
country related to
the identified
healthcare issue
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
1
What are the
strengths of this
policy?
What are the
weaknesses of
this policy?
Explain how the
social
determinants of
health may impact
the specified
global health
issue. (Be specific
and provide
examples)
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
2
How has each
country’
government
addressed cost,
quality, and
access to the
selected global
health issue?
How has the
identified health
policy impacted
the health of the
global population?
(Be specific and
provide examples)
Describe the
potential impact of
the identified
health policy on
the role of nurse in
each country.
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
3
Explain how
global health
issues impact
local healthcare
organizations and
policies in both
countries. (Be
specific and
provide examples)
General
Notes/Comments
© 2018 Laureate Education Inc.
4
Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global
pandemics 5/14/2018
Inge B. Corless, PhD, RN, FNAP, FAANa,*, Deena Nardi, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAANa,
Jeri A. Milstead, PhD, RN, NEA-BC, FAANa, Elaine Larson, PhD, RN, FAAN, CICb,
Kathleen M. Nokes, PhD, RN, APHN-BC, FAANa, Susan Orsega, MSN, FNP-BC,
FAANP, FAANa, Ann E. Kurth, PhD, RN, CNM, MPH, FAANa, Kenn M. Kirksey, PhD,
RN, ACNS-BC, FAANa, Wendy Woith, PhD, RN, FAANa,b
a
b
Global Nursing & Health Expert Panel
Emerging Infectious Diseases Expert Panel
Executive Summary
We know by now that the world will see another pandemic in the not-too-distant future; that random
mutations occur often enough in microbes that help
them survive and adapt; that new pathogens will inevitably find a way to break through our defenses;
and that there is the increased potential for intentional or accidental release of a synthesized agent.
Every expert commentary and every analysis in recent
years tells us that the costs of inaction are immense.
And yet, as the havoc caused by the last outbreak
turns into a fading memory, we become complacent and relegate the case for investing in
preparedness on a back burner, only to bring it to the
forefront when the next outbreak occurs. The result
is that the world remains scarily vulnerable.—World
Bank, 2017
The world is interdependent, not only in terms of the
flow of human beings but also the spread of new, emerging, and re-emerging pathogens (EIDR). The number of
outbreaks per year has tripled in the last several decades
(Smith et al., 2014) and the human and economic impact
of human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, and other diseases, has been
staggering. Yet only a handful of countries have carried
out pandemic preparedness exercises (World Bank, 2017).
Furthermore, funding for pandemic preparedness (e.g.,
the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations and
the Bloomberg Foundation), has been led by nongovernmental donors more than by governments. Global
preparedness is critical and must include strengthening global surveillance in public and other health care
delivery systems. Communities must be engaged as
active partners in primary and secondary infectious
disease prevention efforts. As the largest cadre of the
health workforce in every country, as well as a profession that is dedicated to prevention and alleviation of
suffering, nurses must be integrally involved with
interprofessional teams, communities, and across sectors
for global pandemic preparedness.
Background
Infectious diseases constitute the third leading cause
of death worldwide (WHO, 2017). International mobility contributes to the promulgation of new and
reemerging pathogens that frequently are resistant to
current form of treatment (Morens & Fauci, 2013). This
mobility may result in disease outbreaks that have dire
consequences. Emerging global pandemics pose high
risks for individuals and communities.
The unpredictability of pandemic outbreaks (agents,
time, and place) is a given in communicable diseases.
The gap in the incorporation of nursing knowledge and
skills related to screening, disease identification, rapid
response, community involvement, inter and intraagency communication, governmental notification, and
coordination need not remain challenges to adequate
and timely responses. The failure to develop a coordinated system of health care workers who understand
the importance of detecting and forwarding information about the identification of an illness is a major gap
in our ability to contain new infections.
A key issue is the time delay in the early identification of infections that pose a threat to potential
epidemics/pandemics. To mitigate the delay, it is essential that the health care professional who is the initial
point of contact with the infected person, likely the
* Corresponding author: Inge B. Corless PhD RN FNAP FAAN Lead Co-Chair, Global Nursing & Health Expert Panel.
E-mail address: icorless@yahoo.com (I.B. Corless).
0029-6554/$ — see front matter © 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003
Nurs Outlook 66 (2018) 412–415
community health worker in many global settings, communicate with the appropriate provider or agency to
initiate the next steps including identification of the
pathogen, initiation of appropriate treatment, and prevention of further dissemination. In addition, recognition
of a pattern, alerting others as to the emerging disease,
and preventive services will aid in preventing further
diffusion of pathogens from isolated cases. A delay in
such identification may lead to the development of
epidemics/pandemics and be an impediment to the
prompt initiation of treatment for the infected individual, appropriate interventions and protective devices,
and efforts to curtail the spread of the epidemic.
Responses and Policy Options
Response
Recent events, such as the Ebola outbreak, demonstrate how lack of preparation and gaps in
communication systems during the alert phase when
a pathogen has been identified contribute to a delayed
response (Dzau & Sands, 2016). National and global organizations have evaluated the adequacy of the
timeliness and programmatic response to potential
outbreaks, and have examined what remains to
be accomplished (Sands, Mundaca-Shaw, & Dzau,
2016).
The World Health Organization Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases (PED) develops strategies,
initiatives, and mechanisms to address emerging and
re-emerging epidemic diseases to reduce impact on affected populations and limit international spread
(World Health Organization, n.d.). Although the PED brochures note that their work is implemented through a
multidisciplinary team that includes disease-specific
and public health experts with field experience responding to outbreaks and emergencies under the
International Health Regulation, it is not clear how nurse
input is provided and communicated with the team.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Pandemics and Emerging Threats engages
with multiple governmental and nongovernmental partners and agencies to set policy and support initiatives
to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats and
provides leadership and coordination of international
activities through policy analysis, program development and implementation, coordination, and strategic
planning (U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, n.d.). Again, it is not clear how nurse input is
provided or utilized during the early stages of the health
challenge.
The Global Advisory Panel on the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services (2017) organized by Sigma
Theta Tau International met with key nurse stakeholders throughout the world and released a 2014-2017
summary report (the Global Advisory Panel on the Future
413
of Nursing & Midwifery (GAPFON)) (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, 2017). Using accumulated rankings across all geographic regions,
communicable disease was one of the top five health
priorities identified by nursing leaders (www.gapfon.org).
The contribution of nurses from all types and levels of
practice to an improved response to global pandemics
also has been noted (Edmonson, McCarthy, Trent-Adams,
McCain, & Marshall, 2017).
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified several time intervals important
to organizing an effective response to an emerging pandemic. The first is Recognition Interval: Recognition of
Increased Potential for Ongoing Transmission, described as
the time when increasing numbers of human cases or
clusters are identified anywhere in the world (CDC, 2011).
Although the organizational responses noted above
contribute to earlier …
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