Fall of The Ottoman Empire Paper This will be the final paper of part one and two SURNAME 1 Part two: Annotations Beverly Martin Don McNeilly Date The fall

Fall of The Ottoman Empire Paper This will be the final paper of part one and two SURNAME 1
Part two: Annotations
Beverly Martin
Don McNeilly
Date
The fall of The Ottoman Empire:
Annotated bibliography
The annotated below uses APA citations method for the following article and describes the fall
according to economic basis:
Duranoglu, E., & Okutucu, G. (2009) Economic Reasons Behind the Decline of the
Ottoman Empire. Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/Faith%20Leo/Downloads/52071559.pdf
Duranoglu and okutucu in their study look at the economic reason that led to the decline
of the Ottoman Empire. Things started going wrong in 16th century when the Germans and
British stopped all the traditional trade routes going through Middle East. The economy was
disrupted as a repercussion of the inflation which was caused by influx trade of precious
minerals into the European region from the Americans. This therefore increases the imbalance of
trade between the western rand eastern regions.
This inflation further led to the weakening of the industries and trades. due to the strict
regulations that the ottomans had to comply with, they were unable to match production of
quality goods at affordable prices as compared to the goods from the European regions which
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were majorly supported by the capitulations agreement. As a consequence, the ottoman
industries fell into decline due to the competition.
Ahmad, F., F. (2011) The Ottoman Empire: its rise, decline and collapse. Retrieved from:
file:///C:/Users/Faith%20Leo/Downloads/1606-3707-3-PB.pdf
The author argues that the leadership that took power the Ottoman Empire after the death
of sultan Suleiman led to the decline. The problems that were inside the government for instance
where the divided responsible individuals put in charge of the armies were incapable of
controlling their armies while the central leadership lost control of the provinces under. This led
to the weakening of the sultan’s power and the bureaucratic leadership given a chance to rise.
With this, the eventual outcome was losing the dominance they previously had in the battle
fields.
Podeh, E. (2007) “The Final Fall of the Ottoman Empire”: Arab Discourse over Turkey’s
Accession
to
the
European
Union.
Retrieved
for
file:///C:/Users/Faith%20Leo/Downloads/TurkishStudies-Podeh.pdf
The author attributes the fall of the ottoman as a consequence of the Arab leader’s refusal
to maintain a clear stand on matters to do with Ottoman Empire accession to the European
Union. The article states that this issue is as a result of fears of possibility in eroding of the Islam
culture. The article further attributes the fall to the social unrest that led to the loyal members of
the empire turning away and joining the rebels. This led to the decline.
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Ágoston, G.&Masters, B. (2009) Encyclopedia of the ottoman empire. Retrieved from:
file:///C:/Users/Faith%20Leo/Downloads/Agoston%20and%20Masters,%20Enc%20of%20Ott%
20Empire.PDF
The authors categorically provide the history of the Ottoman Empire, its golden days, its
rise, the power holders, and finally its decline and the causes of the decline.in the decline the
authors mainly elaborate on the theory of ottoman decline theory. According to the theory, at the
end of the 16th century the empire had lost most of its strong holds and had reached a point where
all its strengths as a source social flexibility had changed to be rigid. The theory further asserts
that the major sources of decline included weakening of sultan powers, the division of power
which led to decentralization and the initiative to get rid of the ottoman institutions such as
taxation system.
Mather, Y. (2014) The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and Current Conflict in the Middle
East, Critique.
The author looks at the division that occurred in the Ottoman Empire and Arab territory
after the First World War which posed a great effect on the history of the Ottoman Empire. The
treaties that were signed after the war resulted into British and French dominating the ottomans.
This has led to more changes in the Middle West for instance the conflicts seen within these
regions.
Warwick A., P. (2011) the Decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire
The author of the book reviews the fall of the Ottoman Empire from the failing of the
sultans after Mustafa Kemal being on power to a revolution in Turkey. The book further
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elaborates on the challenges among the religious and secular authority, the weaknesses and
strengths of the sultans who were in power and Arab leader’s rejection of the western ideas.
Finally, the author gives a highlight of special challenges the Ottoman Empire had with the
resources such as oilfields and railways.
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Part One of Research Paper
Beverly Martin
Don McNeilly
Date; 3/29/19
The fall of The Ottoman Empire: Thesis
The power and influence of the Ottoman Empire declined due to the fact the Ottoman
government focused too much on sociology and art rather than supporting economic change and
innovation. The factors that resulted in the decline of the golden age kingdom can be summed up
into three; foreign invasion, reforms and modernization strategies that were all aimed at
regaining lost power but largely became unsuccessful.
The golden age empire controlled parts of Europe and Asia for around 600 years with a
powerful government and administration during the life of Sultan Suleiman the magnificent.
They instituted taxes, controlled trade routes, saw a rise in technology and innovation, research,
specialization, engineering among other administrative powers. The decline started when
knowledge and skills declined. The empire became depended on outside forces. People flee to
other nations and the government power weakened. Other countries such as British and France
enforced capitulations which included exempting its citizens to ottoman law while enforcing
their own power.
On the other hand, the Ottoman specialized armies which were highly paid and deprived
of marriage commitments in exchange for their loyalty- the janissaries were corrupted by army
forces. The sultan empire began to decline when the army turned attention on other things rather
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than training. The department of innovation and technology of weapons also declined to make
the ottoman army one of the weakest forces even before World War I.
Lastly, the economic autocracy of the Ottoman Empire also seemed to come to an end.
Previously, cities like Istanbul were independent, full of resources, majorly made for luxury
products and trade from the different part of the world. The Ottoman Empire decline when they
started making agreements with the east and western nations. The weak economy and high
dependency was the result of external buying of products and low levels of external trade.

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