NYIT Lenovo Building a Global Brand Discussion READING the case “Lenovo Building a Global Brand” (I put this case on the attachment)Two pages analysis, inc

NYIT Lenovo Building a Global Brand Discussion READING the case “Lenovo Building a Global Brand” (I put this case on the attachment)Two pages analysis, including:Introduction – setting the context of the case (half page)Analysis – PLEASE ADDRESS QUESTIONS ON pg. 13 (1.5 pages, most important)Conclusion – what was the key takeaways in regards to building brands (half page) ID 408 Journal Reflections
JOURNAL REFLECTIONS:
After reading three journal articles, you are to IDENTIFY/REACT/APPLY (IRA)
for each Journal Article:
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IDENTFY: The main question/hypothesis the author(s) investigated, the
research methodology employed (surveys, observations, case study
analysis, etc.), and finally the findings of the study.
REACTION: Write a paragraph that includes your reactions to the reading
and points that were new and surprising to you personally, or points that
the article made that were especially significant. Other comments on the
reading are also invited. The reaction section offers you an opportunity to
reflect on your feelings, opinions, and thoughts about the reading. Please
DO NOT summarize the article(s). Instead, provide an overview of your
experience of reading and analyzing the article(s).
APPLICATION: Write a paragraph about how the material covered in the
article could be applied to behaviors or situations related to your project
type. How does the reading apply to the design? How will these design
applications be useful to the end-user(s) ? The application section offers
you an opportunity to think about how the information presented could be
used across various design settings and scenarios for your project. This
section also addresses the “why does this matter” question
DO NOT PLAGAIRIZE! Please cite work and in APA format. See handout
on APA format and plagiarism
June 4 – Due for peer review in class! BRING 4 copies of your journal
reflections (MUST HAVE TWO COMPLETED and bring the other study to
discuss)
th
Be sure to appropriately cite and reference these resources in APA format.
NOTE: We encourage you to use sketches/photos/other visuals. Please cite
all images (even cite your own photos)
A minimum of 900 words (300 word minimum for each study).
JOURNAL 1
The Coffee Shop: Social and Physical Factors Influencing
Place Attachment
Findings
This study examines research findings about coffee shops as gathering
places and environments that create community attachment. Public
buildings are often referred to as “the third place” (or third space).
They are social gathering spaces, different from the two usual social
spaces of home (“first place”) and the workplace (“second place”).
The researcher chose coffee shops due to a 10% increase in the
growth of new coffee shops opening from 2000 to 2004. Each of the
coffee shops explored had regular patrons and staff who provided
unique social situations “of belonging, territoriality and ownership,
productivity and personal growth, opportunity for socialization,
support and networking, and sense of community.” (Waxman, 2006,
p46)
The study attempted to answer three research questions: “1. What
characteristics and design features attract people and cause them
to feel attachment to the coffee shops? 2. What social interactions
or human contacts attract people and cause them feel attachment
to the coffee shops? 3. Is there a relationship between coffee shop
patronage and feelings of attachment to community?” (Waxman,
2006, p38)
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“What physical characteristics and design features attract
people and cause them to feel attachment to the coffee
shops?” (Waxman, 2006, p42)
The top five physical qualities in a coffee shop are cleanliness,
aroma, adequate lighting, comfortable furniture, and a view to
the outside.
•
“What social interactions or human contacts attract people
and cause them feel attachment to the coffee shops?”
(Waxman, 2006, p45)
The important social climate and culture included: the
opportunity to linger, ownership and territoriality, trust, respect
and anonymity, productivity and personal growth, social beings
and familiar strangers, and support.
•
“Is there a relationship between coffee shop patronage and
feelings of attachment to community?” (Waxman, 2006, p49)
There is a measurable correlation between frequent patronage
at the coffee shops and increased feelings of attachment to the
community, including: “the opportunity to linger, feelings of
ownership, ability to territorialize, …. “ (p49)
Methodology
The research methodologies used in the study were direct
observations, surveys, and interviews in the examination of three
popular coffee shops located in the southeast United States. Two
of the shops were locally owned and one was a national chain. This
analysis looked at design considerations, including: cleanliness,
aroma, lighting, furniture, and views. It also explored the social
climate and culture found in the three coffee shops.
The research study explored the characteristics of the coffee shops
and the patrons to answer the three research questions identified
previously.
How this journal article is related to the area of
study?
This study is helpful to the design project because the goal of
the design is to attract young people to the center by creating an
atmosphere where they can have a cup of coffee, converse, meet
with their friends, work, study, and feel a part of the community. The
design will include: adequate lighting, comfortable furniture, and a
view to the outside.
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JOURNAL 2
Just How Public Is the Seattle Public Library?
Publicity, Posturing, and Politics in Public Design
When the Seattle Public Library decided to construct a new main
library, they began by passing $196.4 million bond measure and
hiring a famous European architect. The library repeatedly sought
input from the public and promised to incorporate the public’s
wishes into the design. As the project evolved, the architect appeared
to disregard opinions from staff and the library goers. This paper
supports the authors contention that “despite the volume and
robustness of public discourse in the Seattle Public Library’s design
review process, the public’s commentary and criticism had only a
limited effect on the form and character of the design.” (Mattern,
2003)
Methodology
Mattern used press and newspaper coverage, communication from
the library, and communication from the public about the design and
construction of the main Seattle Public Library and the branches.
The author used the information to assess the effect that input from
the public and the library staff had on final design.
Findings
Mattern concluded that the input from the public and the library
staff had very little impact on the final design of the library for four
main reasons: metaphors, personas and publicity, rhetorical skill,
and rhetorical aggrandizement.
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Commercial metaphors almost from the beginning created
communication problem since this was a public space and not a
commercial space.
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The persona and public image of an architect with “star power”
made it difficult to criticize the final design solutions. In addition,
publicity from the press went from enthusiasm for a famous
architect with innovative designs to criticism for the radical new
design. Thus, the press ended up backing down and saying that
the fears expressed might have been unfounded. The public was
offended by the architect and alternately excited and appeased by
the press.
•
The rhetorical skills of the architect and his “compelling
performances” at public meetings were filled with humor, strong
visuals and photographs that swept the audience along into
acceptance of the design, while design concerns were overshadowed.
•
The rhetorical aggrandizement by the architect allowed him to
present himself and his design as the redeemer the community of
Seattle needed to become a major urban area.
How this journal article is related to the area of study?
The design will create an innovate design which will appeal to the
community. It is important to undestand the community needs, and
always be sensitive to the function of the design and regional aesthetics.
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JOURNAL 3
Resonant Texts: Sounds of the American Public Library
By Shannon Mattern
Historically libraries have been expected to be quiet and organized
places for scholars to do silent reading. The architecture of traditional
libraries was expected to communicate, by a cultural code, that the
structure was a place where noise was not allowed. The author looks
at how modern libraries are being used differently from how they
were used in the past. Establishing differences in sounds that are
created in today’s libraries from conversations, media, and active
learning. The illustrates trends in current library design using
several new major libraries that do and do not work effectively with
the layouts and acoustics, including two new libraries that failed
acoustically. The author hypothesizes that libraries are evolving
to include new uses and media format, and new library design
ideas should reflect these changes to consider how sound can be
orchestrated and programmed in the earliest stages of the design
process.
Methodology
In traditional libraries, the architect expected the building to somehow
communicate that this was a place to silently read.
In addition to silent reading and collections, contemporary libraries
should have areas for conversation, group meetings, use of media, and
flexibility in how spaces are being used. Today architects and designers
should be aware that people and sound cannot be controlled. Functional
design should serve the needs of the people using the library, and
orchestrate the sounds and activity that are part of a dynamic library.
How this journal article is related to the area of study?
This study is helpful to the project because the goal is to design an urban
space that is a relevant destination for modern patrons, especially young
people and people from diverse cultures. This article helps to identify
design features that should be concentrated on (such as the relation
between private and public, hushed and vibrant, closed and open
spaces) and problems to be avoided (intimidating or uncomfortable
spaces, acoustical failures, and unnecessary commotion).
The study uses research of historical literature about libraries,
contemporary articles about acoustics an architectural design,
writings about recent major library projects, and an interview with
an acoustical designer to compare and contrast how libraries were
used in the past and are used today.
Findings
This study looked at how libraries have been traditionally used, the
changes implemented in modern libraries, and how architects and
designers can adapt their design solutions to meet the environment
of the changing library.
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REFERNCES
H. D., H. (2017). Everyone’s WORKING TOGETHER, everywhere. Frame, (116), 120-125.
Mattern, S. (2003). Just How Public is the Seattle Public Library? Journal of Architectural Education, 57(1), 5-18
doi:10.1162/104648803322336548
Mattern, S. (2007). Resonant Texts: Sounds of the American Public Library. The Senses and Society, 2(3), 277-302.
doi:10.2752/174589307×233521
O’Brien, S. (2016, June 13). WeWork launches in Shanghai. Retrieved June 5, 2017, from http://money.cnn.
com/2016/06/30/technology/wework-shanghai-china/index.html
Waxman, L. (2006). The Coffee Shop: Social and Physical factors Influencing Place Attachment. Journal of Interior Design,
31(3), 35-53. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1668.2006.tb00530.x
Webb, M. (2016). Zhongshuge Bookstore. Contract, 57(6), 118-125.
Woodridge Library Construction News. (2016, December 16). Retrieved June 5, 2017, from https://www.dclibrary.org/
woodridgeconstruction
Woodridge Neighborhood Library. (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2017, from http://bingthomarchitects.com/
25
Received: 28 September 2018
Revised: 10 November 2018
Accepted: 26 November 2018
DOI: 10.1002/bse.2269
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Green indoor and outdoor environment as nature?based
solution and its role in increasing customer/employee mental
health, well?being, and loyalty
Heesup Han1
|
Sunghyup S. Hyun2
1
College of Hospitality and Tourism
Management, Sejong University, Seoul,
Republic of Korea
Abstract
The present study was an empirical endeavor to explore the effect of nature?based
2
School of Tourism, Hanyang University,
Seoul, Republic of Korea
solutions (NBS) on the customer and employee loyalty generation process by considering the role of mental health and well?being in the hotel industry. A quantitative
Correspondence
Sunghyup Sean Hyun, Ph. D, Associate
Professor, School of Tourism, Hanyang
University, 17 Haengdang?dong,
Seongdonggu, Seoul 133?791, Republic of
Korea.
Email: sshyun@hanyang.ac.kr
approach was employed. A survey methodology with a convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. A total of 303 responses and 301 responses for
customer and employee groups, respectively, were used for data analysis. Our results
of the structural analysis indicated that green indoor and outdoor environment as
Funding information
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF),
Grant/Award Number: 2018R1A5A7059549;
Ministry of Science and ICT
NBS helps customers and employees improve mental health perception, emotional
well?being, and loyalty. In addition, the prominent role of emotional well?being in
building customer loyalty and of mental health perception in building employee loyalty was uncovered. The developed conceptual frameworks for customers and
employees contained a satisfactory ability in predicting loyalty. Mental health perception and emotional well?being were mediators. Moreover, the relationship strength
among study variables differed between customer and employee groups. Overall,
our findings significantly increased our understanding of NBS and its critical role in
the hotel industry.
KEY W ORDS
customer/employee loyalty, green indoor/outdoor environment, mental health, nature?based
solutions, well?being
1
|
I N T RO D U CT I O N
operational expenses, and green infrastructure), contributing to improving human health (European Commission, 2015; Vujcic et al., 2017).
There has been increasing interest and awareness regarding the value of
In a hotel, greening indoor and outdoor physical surroundings can
greening the operation and using green environment as means to
be important instances of NBS efforts that affect the occupants (cus-
increase cost?effectiveness and ensure consumers’ and employees’ pos-
tomers and workers) of the hotel. Indeed, researchers agree that indoor
itive responses in the business community (European Commission,
and outdoor atmospherics influence both customers’ and employees’
2015; Han, Lee, & Kim, 2018; Trang, Lee, & Han, 2018). Nature?based
approach/avoidance responses (e.g., cognitive, affective, and physio-
solutions (NBS), which help resolve diverse environmental and societal
logical) and behaviors (e.g., switching/turnover and loyalty/disloyalty;
challenges in an environmentally responsible manner, have therefore
Bitner, 1992; González?Hernández and Orozco?Gómez, González?
received growing attention (Van den Bosch & Sang, 2017; Vujcic et al.,
Hernández & Orozco?G?mez, 2012; Han & Hyun, 2017; Liang et al.,
2017). NBS utilizes the features and intricate systems of the nature
2014). Such physical surroundings as NBS can together create the sus-
itself in order to attain the desired outcomes of any business (e.g., sus-
tainable solutions for the improvement of occupants’ health conditions
tainable growth, steady profit increase, cost?effective, reduction in
(Pietilä et al., 2015; Van den Bosch & Sang, 2017; Vujcic et al., 2017).
Bus Strat Env. 2018;1–13.
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/bse
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
1
2
HAN AND HYUN
The efficient implementation of NBS in business is of importance for
et al., 2015; Richardson et al., 2017; Van den Bosch & Sang, 2017; Vujcic
improving mental health, increasing emotional well?being, and address-
et al., 2017). NBS can be described as “actions which are inspired by,
ing various environmental/societal challenges (Pietilä et al., 2015; Van
supported by, or copied from nature, and that are designed to address
den Bosch & Sang, 2017). Likewise, the effective utilization of NBS in
a range of environmental challenges in an efficient and adaptable man-
operating a hotel is crucial in that as it can enhance both visitors’ and
ner, while at the same time providing economic, social, and environmen-
workers’ mental health and emotional well?being.
tal benefits” (Van den Bosch & Sang, 2017, p. 374).
Several existing frameworks identified the importance of general
Greening indoor and outdoor atmospherics are the important
green environment for residents’ mental health and well?being improve-
aspect of NBS (European Commission, 2015; Van den Bosch & Sang,
ment in urban planning/development (e.g., Barton & Grant, 2006;
2017; Vujcic et al., 2017). A green physical environment is especially
Coutts & Hahn, 2015; Zhao, Markevych, Romanos, Nowak, & Heinrich,
important in eco?friendly hotels/buildings where the performances
2018). Nevertheless, little empirical studies considered both green
of green atmospherics along with the performances of services are
indoor and outdoor physical environment in explicating occupants’
the key facet of product quality assessment (Liang et al., 2014; Han
approach/avoidance responses and behaviors. In addition, the criticality
et al., Han, Lee, Trang, & Kim, 2018; Trang et al., 2018). Such physical
of reliving individuals’ anxiety/stress and boosting well?being has been
surroundings stimulate a set of customers’ approach/avoidance
previously stressed in the existing tourism/hospitality studies (e.g.,
behaviors as well as employees’ approach/avoidance behaviors
Hwang & Han, 2014; Kim, Chua, Lee, Boo, & Han, 2016). Yet, empirical
(Bitner, 1992; González?Hernández & Orozco?G?mez, 2012; Trang
endeavors that link mental health perception and emotional well?being
et al., 2018). As approaches between two contrary types of behaviors
to the green physical environment as NBS and to loyalty have been
encompass all favorable responses, which are directed at a particular
hardly made. Moreover, although the decision?making process and
product/brand, companies are undoubtedly eager to strengthen
behaviors of customers and employees can be dissimilar (Glanfield,
approach customer and employee approach responses/behaviors
Ackfeldt, & Melewar, 2018; Han, 2013; Torres, van Niekerk, & Orlowski,
(Bitner, 1992; Han & Hyun, 2017).
2017; Wheeler, Pulley, & Felix, 2007), the theoretical extension
The indoor physical environment indicates the internal atmospher-
outlining the difference in terms of the effect of NBS on customers’
ics that influence the occupants of a building (e.g., customers and
and employees’ responses and behaviors has never been made.
employees within a building; Shuang, Kamaruzzaman, & Zulkifli, 2014).
The focus of our research was therefore on developing theoretical
The concept of indoor physical environment includes all facets of the
frameworks explicating the influence of the green indoor and outdoor
interactions between such visitors/workers within a building and their
environment as NBS on mental health perception, emotional well?being,
physical surroundings inside of the building (Cone, 1998; Han et al.,
and loyalty. Two theoretical models for hotel customers and hotel
Han, Lee, & Kim, 2018;Jeong & Lee, 2006 ; Trang et al., 2018). The green
employees were proposed. In particular, the objectives of the research
indoor environment as a vital constituent of NBS within a hotel encom-
were (a) to test the possible associations among green indoor and out-
passes green spaces/places for both customers and employees, a vari-
door environment, mental health perception, emotional well?being,
ety of green items (e.g., living/potted plants, flowers, and trees), green
and customer/employee loyalty, (b) to assess the mediating effect of
interior decorations, natural light through glass windows, fresh air, and
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