W10 Chapter-Sport Social Stratification and Social Mobility Discussion I have attached the file below. please read the discussion lecture and complete the

W10 Chapter-Sport Social Stratification and Social Mobility Discussion I have attached the file below. please read the discussion lecture and complete the discussion question which is on the last page. The discussion question is based off SECOND HALF of Chapter 5. The post must be minimum of 2 paragraphs. The topic is about sports/cultures. Complete the post from a guys perspective.I have also attached Chapter 5 reading. The second half of our chapter starts off with a discussion about social mobility and then
moves on to 6 myths surrounding sports and social mobility. Typically, we like to think of
America and Canada as societies that promote social mobility. We like to believe if you
work hard and have the right talents you can move up in the socio-economic hierarchy.
This is a belief that can be supported by anecdotal stories or embellished or
misinformed stories. (I’ve heard amazing stories about Phil Knight that simply aren’t true
and seem to ignore his background and how Nike actually started. ) Upward mobility is
certainly possible, it is just not as common as some might believe. Sadly, upward
mobility is more common in Denmark, Austria, Norway, Finland, Australia, and Spain.
Moreover, our social mobility has declined for about 40 years. Note: We are supposed
to be the wealthiest generation ever, but only after our parents die and we inherit their
wealth (that is if they have any wealth in the first place and if they don’t spend it all on
end of life health care https://bit.ly/2BUtFTd ).
The American economy slowed in the 1970s and since then we have seen dramatic
shifts in how our economy is run. The economy has generated enormous wealth since
then, but labor has lost a great deal of power and inequality is ticking upwards as the
rewards have been shifted to those at the top, see https://bit.ly/2z2W1dL or https://bit.ly/2aclki6 .
(I strongly suggest reading the work
of Loic Waquant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoumuRRwOqY and David Garland who have
done amazing research on the intersection of economics, the state, and punishment. If
you E-mail me I can send you some of their most famous work and we can discuss it
over the phone or via E-mail.)
Sport can play a role in social mobility, but sport doesn’t guarantee social mobility. I
think the most interesting aspect of social mobility and sport relates to high school
athletes. As I’ve mentioned before one of my favorite books is Ain’t No Making It. It is an
amazing investigation of two groups of very poor young men. One group was a group
poor white boys and the other was a group of poor black boys. The poor white boys saw
no future. They looked at their uncles, their fathers, their brothers, and their
neighborhood and they saw an empty future. The group of poor black boys were
athletes and had hope for the future. They thought if they tried they could get out of
poverty, despite the fact that their fathers, uncles, and brothers were in the same
position as the white boys’ relatives. Roughly ten years later the author went back and
checked in on the two groups of young men. The white men were exactly where they
expected to be, stuck in poverty. They had bad work or no work. They didn’t see a
future and not surprisingly, no future materialized. This was unlike the black men where
half of the group had done well (i.e. one had moved up to be a ticket agent at the
airport) and the other half were still stuck in poverty. Hard work, ambition, talent, drive,
and sports participation didn’t guarantee “success,” and some of the young men found
themselves facing blocks due to their race and their location, but some made it up a
rung in the social economic hierarchy. The author doesn’t focus on the sport
participation as much as I would like, but my hypothesis is that the athletes entered
school and were liked by their peers and teachers, they saw self-improvement in sport,
they saw some success in sport, and were given a space to develop self-efficacy unlike
the white boys who were rejected rejecters. However, this remains a hypothesis
because I don’t know if the black men had more motivation and social support prior to
being involved in sport. While I would like to believe the sport participation played a role
in their success, I can’t say for certain.
This is an interest contrast to William Chambliss’s work where he studied a group of
wealthy white deviants and a group of poor Hispanic deviants. Both were uniquely
deviant, but their deviance was relatively equal in its harm to society and others.
Amazingly, the teachers gave the white deviants grades that they didn’t earn, they gave
the white kids the benefit of the doubt, and the white kids had cars so they would go
cause problems in other neighborhoods rather than their own neighborhood. The
Hispanic kids didn’t get a pass from the teachers, they didn’t speak to authority in the
same was as the white kids, and since they didn’t have cars they hung around the
neighborhood causing problems. The author went back and checked up on them ten
years later and found that many of the white kids had gone on to university and
eventually gone on to be doctors and obtain other fancy positions. Deviance doesn’t
affect the trajectories of the wealthy the same as the poor. Amazingly, I found
something very similar in my dissertation. My wealthy white skaters often had a much
easier time exiting skateboarding and often assumed that they deserved prestigious
positions in society (which lead them to pursuing these positions), while my workingclass skaters had no hopes of obtaining these positions and often exited into lower-level
service jobs.
This relates to what our authors’ discussion of high school athletes who are likely to
have higher grades, a greater attitude towards social, and a greater interest in
continuing their education than their non-athletic peers. Moreover, (male) athletes often
obtain high status in high school, they are more likely to hold positive self-concepts, and
they are less likely to drop out. We see athletes are often in a better position than many
of their peers, but did sport cause this or is there something unique about this group of
students? Also, are the coaches simply weeding out “problem” students?
Our authors go on to discuss and summarize the six myths that surround sports and
social mobility (free college; sports lead to college degree; pro careers are possible;
way out of poverty for minorities; Title IX has created social mobility opportunities for
women via sport; and pro careers result in security).
QUESTION
What I want you to do this week is summarize the myth that you think is the most
important, interesting, or surprising. However, as you do this I would like you all to self
regulate and avoid posting a myth that has been posted 50 times already. Please try to
summarize a myth that hasn’t been summarized yet. Obviously, we will have some
repeats, but if myth #3 has been summarized 6 times, please pick something else.
REPLY BACK TO FOLLOWING POST
The myth that I find the most important is that sport is a way out of poverty for minorities. I find this
quite interesting and the most important of all 6 myths. This is because athletes and students alike go to
college in hopes of landing a high paying job or a job with good prospects and chances to move up. The
book talks about what seems and what is, which is something I liked. What seems is that there are a lot of
African American pro players. What is; is the fact that 2 in 10,000 African Americans are pro athletes.
Also, according to the book, minorities are also less likely to participate in sports such as auto racing,
bowling, tennis, and golf. What is quite discouraging is that these athletes have been playing the same
sport since elementary school, hearing the same old thing from older people, “keep playing and you will
get a free ticket to college” or “keep playing and you will be pro.” These athletes in return focus so much
on the sport, that it becomes their identity, they go on to college, get the degree, and then are stuck in
middle income wage jobs if they are lucky. Not to mention the “free college” was not actually free, and all
the sacrifices they had to make in order to succeed as both an athlete and a student. One thing is for
sure, with all the recent talk of income inequality, college tuition increasing, and student debt on the rise,
at least students are exposed to the information beforehand.
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