Asian Americans Discrimination In College Admittance Presentation format: times new roman, 12 size, 1 inch margin. including abstrct, introduction, analyz

Asian Americans Discrimination In College Admittance Presentation format: times new roman, 12 size, 1 inch margin.

including abstrct, introduction, analyze cases that I gave you, finding similarity and difference, discussion, conclusion.

we are studying general law so that you just need to write like a rookie who study law cases.

in the article, you need to stand students’ side to indicate based on this case is real happened.

if you have better other related sources, please use and post the references behind the article.

references part is not including in10 pages.

with APA styles.

you need to have the data of perentage of Asian American population in American and diversity of races . Does Harvard discriminate against AsianAmerican applicants? I don’t know. What I do
know is affirmative action is really on trial here.
Leung, Shirley . Boston Globe ; Boston, Mass. [Boston, Mass]18 July 2018: B.10.
ProQuest ????
For Asian Americans like me, it’s treated like a fact of life: Yes, it seems harder for us to get into an Ivy League
school. That’s because so many Asian Americans are vying for a slot that schools are likely pitting us against each
other.
Recent filings in a federal­ lawsuit accuse Harvard University of discriminating against Asian Americans by
capping the number admitted in each class. The plaintiff’s proposed remedy: Stop using race as a factor in
selecting students.
The case has divided the Asian-American community. Some of us want to preserve affirmative action to ensure­
diverse campuses. Others believe race-blind admissions­ is the only way to make sure that Asian American
applicants don’t experience bias.
All of which raises some big questions: If admissions officers do limit the number of Asian Americans they accept,
do we have affirmative action policies to blame for it? By seeking a mix of white, black, Latino, Asian American, and
other students, do Asian Americans get penalized because we apply in such large numbers to top schools?
Complicating matters is that the suit was not filed by Asian Americans, but by a white man, Ed Blum, who lost a
court challenge to race-based admissions at the University of Texas involving a white student.
Let’s not kid ourselves. This is not about Harvard and how many Asian Americans can get in. Affirmative action is
really on trial here, and a victory for Blum and his nonprofit, Students for Fair Admissions, could set a precedent
that unwinds race-conscious policies not ­only at Harvard but at other schools. Blum’s University of Texas case
went all the way to the US Supreme Court in 2016, and his Harvard suit may ultimately be ­decided there, too.
Harvard, in its court filings, argues that it does not discriminate against Asian-American applicants and defends its
use of race in creating a diverse class. Since 2010, the percentage of Asian Americans in the admitted class has
grown significantly, by 27 percent. Asian Americans make up nearly 23 percent of the incoming Class of 2022.
For decades, colleges have been using affirmative action as a powerful tool to ensure minorities get a fair shot at
an education. How Americans feel about that can be hard to gauge. A Gallup poll in 2016 found that about 70
percent of Americans believe colleges should admit applicants based solely on merit. But in a 2017 survey by the
Pew Research Center, 71 percent of respondents said affirmative action for students was “a good thing.”
Polls of registered Asian-American voters indicate nearly two-thirds support affirmative action in higher education,
but show a growing split between Chinese Americans (41 percent support) compared with Asian Americans from
other backgrounds (73 percent ­support).
Blum’s group contends in its analysis of Harvard admissions data that affirmative action is being used against
Asian Americans. We are, as the suit and others have called us, the “new Jews” in higher education, referring to a
period decades ago when schools limited the number of Jewish students.
That kind of rhetoric is drawing some Asian-American groups to support Blum’s effort.
The Asian American Rights Association, a newly formed grass-roots organization in Washington state, recently
raised about $78,000 from 800 donors to help pay Blum’s legal expenses. That’s likely to be a drop in the bucket;
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 1 of 4
conservative and libertarian contributors have given several millions of dollars to bankroll Blum’s previous efforts,
according to The New York Times.
The Asian American Rights Association caters to new immigrants to educate them about discrimination and has
been translating into Chinese what the Harvard lawsuit means for them.
“The concept of affirmative action used to be very good,” said Y. Liu, a software engineer who is cofounder and
president of the association. “Now it’s turned into a bad system where everyone is penalized.”
S.B. Woo, a former lieutenant governor of Delaware and Asian-American activist, is president of the 80-20 National
Asian American Educational Foundation, which backs Blum’s effort against Harvard and previously at the
University of Texas Austin.
The foundation even cowrote an amicus brief in support of Abigail Fisher, the Texas student who sued the
university, alleging she was rejected because she is white. In 2016, the Supreme Court, in a 4-to-3 vote, decided
that colleges could continue to use race as one of several factors in admissions.
Woo said his organization got engaged on the issue after hearing so many complaints from Asian-American
parents saying their kids had experienced discrimination in the admissions process. So in 2012, 80-20 surveyed
50,000 Asian Americans and found overwhelming support for “race-neutral” admissions.
“Upon that, we decided to enter the battle,” Woo said.
In the Harvard court case, both sides have analyzed the same set of admissions data but have come to different
conclusions on the impact of race. The Harvard expert found that race does not determine admissions outcomes
any more than a number of other factors.
Woo doesn’t buy it. “Harvard’s whole-person admission policy, that is nonsense,” he said. “That is a whole-race
admissions policy.”
Asian Americans Advancing Justice, a civil rights and legal services group, has been following the Harvard case
closely and so far has not found evidence the university discriminated against Asian Americans. The group
—which is representing prospective Harvard students, current students, and alumni —plans to file an amicus brief
defending Harvard later this month.
“We support Harvard’s race-conscious admissions policy,” said Nicole­ Gon Ochi, an attorney with the group. “We
don’t believe that there is any credible evidence of discrimination against Asian Americans, and even if there were,
it wouldn’t be caused by affirmative action. Based on what we know, any negative effects are the result of policies
that benefit white students or implicit bias, both of which also detrimentally affect other minority student
applicants.”
Jeannie Park, president of the Harvard Asian American Alumni Alliance, said her members have worked closely
with the admissions office over the past three decades and have seen the university go out of its way to recruit
Asian Americans from neighborhoods and schools that might not normally send kids to Harvard.
“I find it hard to believe that they are simultaneously sitting there deliberately trying to keep Asian Americans out,”
said Park, who graduated in 1983. “But if there is intentional discrimination, of course we would oppose that and
would fight them hard on it.”
Pore through the dueling expert analyses filed in the Harvard case, and it will make your head spin. I’ll leave it up to
the court to decide whether the university discriminates against Asian Americans. We’re a group that has been
called the “model minority,” but in reality we’re hardly a monolith —20 million of us with no single country of origin
dominating the US population and spanning an economic spectrum made up of the poorest and richest
Americans.
I am clear-headed on one aspect of the case: America isn’t ready to be a race-blind society. If people of color didn’t
face discrimination at all, I’d be the first to say we don’t need affirmative action. This country isn’t there yet.
Now more than ever, we need race-conscious policies to achieve diversity. If we’re not intentional, diversity won’t
happen.
70%
Share of Americans who support using only merit
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 2 of 4
for college admissions, according to a 2016 Gallup Poll
71%
Share of respondents in a 2017 Pew Research poll saying affirmative action programs “to increase the number of
black and minority students on college campuses are a good thing”
65%
of Asian-American registered voters support affirmative action, according to a 2016 survey (but only 41% of
Chinese Americans)
Shirley Leung is a Globe columnist. She can be reached at shirley.leung@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @leung.
Credit: By Shirley Leung Globe Staff
Caption:
Globe staff photo illustration; adobe stock
:
Students; College admissions; Admissions policies; Asian Americans; Federal court
decisions; Affirmative action
:
Texas United States–US New York Delaware Washington (state)
:
Fisher, Abigail
/:
: New York Times Co; NAICS: 511110, 511120, 515112, 515120; : Harvard University;
NAICS: 611310; : Twitter Inc; NAICS: 519130; : University of Texas; NAICS: 611310; :
Educational Foundation; NAICS: 813211; : Pew Research Center; NAICS: 541720
:
Does Harvard discriminate against Asian-American applicants? I don’t know. What I
do know is affirmative action is really on trial here.
:
Leung, Shirley
:
Boston Globe; Boston, Mass.
:
B.10
:
2018
:
Jul 18, 2018
:
Business
:
Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC
:
Boston, Mass.
/:
United States, Boston, Mass.
:
General Interest Periodicals–United States
ISSN:
07431791
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 3 of 4
:
Newspapers
:
English
:
News
ProQuest ID:
2071045664
URL:
http://libproxy.adelphi.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/207104
5664?accountid=8204
:
Copyright Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC Jul 18, 2018
:
2019-04-02
:
ProQuest Central
Check for full text via 360 Link
? 2019 ProQuest LLC
?????
?? ProQuest
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 4 of 4
Harvard’s Race-Conscious Admissions Policy
Goes on Trial on Monday. Here’s What to Expect.
Gluckman, Nell . The Chronicle of Higher Education ; Washington (Oct 12, 2018).
ProQuest ????
(ENGLISH)
The case is expected to lay bare details of Harvard’s secretive admissions process as the university’s lawyers seek
to prove that it does not use racial quotas or attempt to “balance” its class by race and ethnicity — both illegal
practices. Since the lawsuit was filed, in 2014, the private university has fought to keep its admissions practices
out of the public eye. Beyond Harvard The case against Harvard is just the latest front in a broader fight over
affirmative action in college admissions spearheaded by one man: […]this one is different, not only because of the
unusual alliance between conservative activists and some sectors of the Asian-American population. Since the
confirmation this month of Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh, the Supreme Court will almost certainly be more
conservative than it was the last time it heard a challenge to affirmative action.
The latest front in the fight over affirmative action opens in a federal courtroom in Boston and could have lasting
implications for colleges nationwide.
A highly anticipated trial over the admissions practices of one of the nation’s most influential universities could
have lasting implications for colleges across the country.
The trial, to hear a lawsuit challenging Harvard University’s race-conscious admissions policy, is set to begin on
Monday in Boston. The case, brought by a nonprofit group called Students for Fair Admissions Inc., which is led by
the conservative activist Edward J. Blum, claims the university discriminates against Asian-American applicants
by limiting the number of those students it admits.
The case challenges a common practice among selective institutions that is meant to ensure that they admit
diverse groups of students, and it is unusual because it invokes the rights of Asian-American applicants instead of
white ones. It is also the first case since the Trump administration took office to challenge affirmative action, a
practice that the Obama administration defended. Legal analysts say the issue is likely to make its way back to the
U.S. Supreme Court.
Blum’s group says Harvard penalizes Asian-American applicants by systematically scoring them lower on metrics
used to judge personality. The group says the university should not be allowed to consider race when making
decisions about who is admitted as an undergraduate student.
Harvard has said that the race of applicants is just one factor among many that it considers in evaluating
candidates. Admitting a diverse class, the university says, benefits all students in that class, a goal that is central
to its educational mission and that has been upheld by the Supreme Court.
The case is expected to lay bare details of Harvard’s secretive admissions process as the university’s lawyers seek
to prove that it does not use racial quotas or attempt to “balance” its class by race and ethnicity —both illegal
practices. Since the lawsuit was filed, in 2014, the private university has fought to keep its admissions practices
out of the public eye.
But those attempts have not entirely succeeded. Already, details about how the university selects students have
appeared in court filings. For example, admissions officials keep a close eye on a “dean’s interest list” that
includes the children of donors who are applying. There’s also a “Z-list” that Students for Fair Admissions claims
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 1 of 5
includes well-connected applicants who “cannot gain admission through the ordinary course” and are instead
admitted after deferring admission for a year.
Court filings also show that Harvard uses a numerical system to rate candidates. Each is graded on his or her
academic potential, extracurricular work, athletic abilities, and character, and is given an overall score. Admissions
officials then discuss the students in committees and subcommittees, and admit about 2,000 of the 40,000
applicants. This year the university’s acceptance rate was 4.7 percent.
The current freshman class is 22.9 percent Asian-American, according to statistics released by the university. In
2016, the most-recent year for which federal data are available, 17 percent of Harvard’s student body was AsianAmerican, which placed it in the middle among its Ivy League peers. African-American students make up 15.2
percent of the current freshman class, and Hispanic or Latino students 12.3 percent.
Asian-American Enrollment in the Ivy League
The proportion of Asian-American undergraduate students at Harvard University, which is being sued over its
admissions practices, is similar to those at other Ivy League institutions, according to federal data.
% of Asian-American
undergraduates
Institution
Princeton U.
21%
Cornell U.
19%
U. of Pennsylvania
19%
Yale U.
18%
Columbia U.
17%
Harvard U.
17%
Brown U.
15%
Dartmouth College
15%
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, College Navigator, Fall 2017
Beyond Harvard
The case against Harvard is just the latest front in a broader fight over affirmative action in college admissions
spearheaded by one man: Edward Blum. He was also behind the lawsuit that claimed the University of Texas at
Austin’s admissions policy discriminated against white applicants. The Supreme Court sided with Texas in 2016,
upholding its use of affirmative action. But that didn’t stop Blum’s group, which has also accused the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill of racial discrimination against applicants.
Now it has an important ally: the Trump administration’s Department of Justice. In August the department filed a
statement of interest in the Harvard case, siding with Students for Fair Admissions. Harvard’s treatment of AsianAmerican applicants “may be infected with racial bias,” the filing said. It urged the university to consider raceneutral alternatives to its existing process. The department also recently opened an investigation into whether
Yale University discriminates against applicants based on their race.
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 2 of 5
Harvard has said that it has considered race-neutral alternatives, but that they do not allow the university to
achieve the level of diversity it wants. In a brief filed in support of Harvard, 16 universities —including Case
Western Reserve, Johns Hopkins, Princeton, and Yale —wrote that they must be allowed to consider race when
trying to build diverse classes of students.
“Diversity encourages students to question their own assumptions, to test received truths, and to appreciate the
complexity of the modern world,” they wrote. “It is artificial to consider an applicant’s experiences and
perspectives while turning a blind eye to race.”
A coalition of Harvard student organizations, including the Harvard-Radcliffe Asian-American Association and
societies representing other racial and ethnic groups, also filed a brief in support of the university. The groups
condemned “the attempt to manufacture conflict between racial and ethnic groups in order to revive an
unrelenting agenda to dismantle efforts to create a racially diverse and inclusive student body.”
Who Will Testify?
The trial will take place in Federal District Court in Boston and is expected to last two to three weeks. It is not a jury
trial, but will be decided by Judge Allison D. Burroughs, who was appointed by President Barack Obama in 2014.
She won’t issue a decision immediately after both sides finish presenting their cases, as a jury would, but possibly
weeks or months later.
Some of Harvard’s top officials are expected to testify, including Catherine G. (Drew) Faust, the former president;
William R. Fitzsimmons, dean of admissions; and Rakesh Khurana, dean of Harvard College, the university’s
undergraduate division. Ruth J. Simmons, president of Prairie View A&M University, is also on the witness list. As
president of Brown University in the 2000s, Simmons was the first black leader of an Ivy League institution.
Neither Harvard nor Students for Fair Admissions plans to call any students as witnesses. But a group of Harvard
students and alumni asked the judge if they could testify about their experiences as racial and ethnic minorities at
the institution. Earlier this month the judge said they could. They say their perspectives do not perfectly align with
the interests of either side, but they believe the university must be allowed to consider race when evaluating
applicants.
Whatever the outcome, the case is likely to be appealed. There’s plenty of speculation that it will end up before the
Supreme Court, just like the case against Texas. But this one is different, not only because of the unusual alliance
between conservative activists and some sectors of the Asian-American population. Since the confirmation this
month of Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh, the Supreme Court will almost certainly be more conservative than it was
the last time it heard a challenge to affirmative action.
Nell Gluckman writes about faculty issues and other topics in higher education. You can follow her on Twitter
@nellgluckman, or email her at nell.gluckman@chronicle.com.
Credit: By Nell Gluckman
:
Students; College admissions; Minority ðnic groups; Trials; Admissions policies;
Presidents; Asian Americans; Race; Affirmative action
:
Texas United States–US Pennsylvania
:
Obama, Barack
SEARCH.PROQUEST.COM PDF
Page 3 of 5
/:
: Harvard College; NAICS: 611310; : Harvard University; NAICS: 611310; : Department
of Justice; NAICS: 922130; : University of North Carolina; NAICS: 611310; : National
Center for Education Statistics; NAICS: 923110; : Yale University; NAICS: 611310; :
Twitter Inc; NAICS: 519130; : University of Texas; NAICS: 611310; : Brown University;
NAICS: 611310; : Dartmouth College; NAICS: 611310; : Supreme Court-US; NAICS:
922110; : Students for Fair Admissions Inc; NAICS: 813319
:
Harvard’s Race-Conscious Admissions Policy Goes on Trial on Monday. Here’s What
to Expect.
:
Gluckman, Nell
:
The Chronicle of Higher Education; Washington
:
2018
:
Oct 12, 2018
…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment